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中國農機工業問題突出 轉型升級才是良策

2017-06-15 11:21:20 來源：中國農機網 閱讀量：51663 評論

　　【中國農機網 本站原創】 此時正值農忙時節，在三夏搶收的戰場上，農業機械發揮了不容小覷的力量，各地小麥豐收捷報頻傳，據農業部統計，截至6月8日17時，全國已收獲冬小麥18482萬畝，機收比例達到90%。農業機械化是農業現代化的基礎，在我國農業現代化的大背景下，農業機械化的發展是大勢所趨。
 
　　“十二五”時期，我國農業機械化發展成就顯著，農機裝備結構有新的改善，農機作業水平實現了新的跨越，全國農作物耕種收綜合機械化率達到 63.8%，在如此利好的發展趨勢下，我國農機化發展環境也呈現一派清明的景象，但是我國農機工業的發展卻顯現了一些弊端：需求旺盛但供給不足、關鍵核心技術受制于人、農機裝備稀缺。只有實現轉型升級，農機產業才能保持穩定發展。
 
　　審時度勢    適應新型農業經營主體崛起的新形勢
 
　　我國是一個農業大國，農機工業發展空間巨大，加上現在農村年輕人集體外出打工導致的農村空心化和農民老齡化的問題日趨嚴重，農民對農機的需求越來越高，農機需求旺盛。以往農民主要種植糧食作物，對農機產品的需求主要集合在中低端農機，結合全國農機化發展第十三個五年規劃的數據顯示，馬鈴薯、花生、牧草、棉花、甘蔗等方面機械產品發展還很滯后，馬鈴薯收獲機的保有量僅占6萬臺，谷物烘干機僅占6.9萬臺，花生收獲機占14.3萬臺，這在一定程度上制約了農機化水平的全面提升。
 
　　近年來，隨著土地規模化經營的快速發展，農民專業合作社和家庭農場正如雨后春筍般蓬勃發展，他們逐漸占據著農機市場，成為農機市場消費的中堅力量。因此，農機產業的發展要適應新型農業經營主體崛起的新形勢。
 
　　走出    以開放式的心態搞研發
 
　　中國大大小小的農機企業不下萬家，其中也不乏行業內的，比如中聯重科、中國一拖、雷沃重工等，這些企業在產品研發方面一直在創新，企業規模也在不斷擴大，但與國外的約翰迪爾、紐荷蘭等農機企業相比的話，則顯得規模較小，研發能力不夠強，相對的技術能力也比較薄弱，這樣的企業在市場競爭中無疑是處于弱勢的。要想突破核心技術的瓶頸，還得走出去向國外農機企業學習，借鑒他們的先進技術，再結合我國現代農業發展的實際情況，研發出中國“智造”的農機裝備。我國鼓勵農機企業以合資、并購等方式整合資源，以先進技術和產品拓展市場。
 
　　奮起直追    搶占農機市場
 
　　農機裝備的稀缺和核心技術力量的匱乏有很大關系。前面提到我國對農機的需求主要還是集中在中低端農機，農機供給不足，依賴進口，這也是農機裝備稀缺的一大痛點，因此，科技創新對我國農機工業的發展至關重要。前段時間雷沃重工歐洲研發的阿波斯P5000拖拉機一舉斬獲紅點獎，一時之間成為農機行業的焦點，這款拖拉機采用了全新自主研發的動力換擋技術，在此之前，這種動力換擋技術一直是中國農機制造企業*的，如今，雷沃阿波斯通過在整合資源，填補了這種技術的空白，這在一定程度上也促進了我國農機工業的轉型升級。
 
　　放眼中國農機制造業的未來，農機市場才是其發展藍海，中國農機企業還需奮起直追，搶占農機市場。
 
　　結語
 
　　據了解，我國農機工業在2015年的總產值達到了4523多億元，躍居世界農機制造國，我國農機工業正在快速發展，但與發達國家相比，仍存在較大差距，主要表現在這些方面：一是發展不平衡，目前我國農業機械化水平僅衡量小麥、水稻、玉米等8個主要田間作物的機械化耕種水平，瓜果、蔬菜等經濟作物的機械化水平較低;機耕水平普遍較高，機種、機收水平較低。二是公共服務能力不足。三是作業質量、效率不高，僅解決了簡單的機械耕、種、收，作業度與發達國家差距較大。總的來說，我國農機工業大而不強，轉型升級刻不容緩。

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