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消化吸引再創新 我國農機化發展超趕指日可待
2017-09-05
16:03:38
來源：中國農機網 閱讀量：45546
評論
【中國農機網 本站原創】 我國作為*的農業大國，因種種因素制約，農業機械化水平卻遠不及國外發達國家的水平。因此，中國只有大力鉆研新技術，掌握核心科技，方能趕追上發達國家的發展步伐。而作為后來者，中國農業機械要實現技術創新還得借鑒國外先進的技術經驗。
先來說說中國農業機械化與國外的差距。以美國為例，上世紀40年代美國就基本實現了糧食作物機械化，60年代實現全程機械化，70年代實現難的棉花油菜等經濟作物機械化。我國目前正在努力實現全程機械化，但與美國有著55年的巨大差距。因此，先吸收借鑒國外的先進經驗再進行創新才是中國實現農業全程機械化發展的可行性路徑。
那么，國外有哪些先進技術經驗值得我們借鑒吸收呢？
一直以來，大馬力拖拉機的設計、研發、制造技術主要掌控在歐美農機巨頭手中，例如約翰迪爾、凱斯紐荷蘭、道依茨法爾、愛科等，并且約翰迪爾和凱斯紐荷蘭幾乎占據了當前我國大馬力拖拉機的大部分市場，相較于中小馬力拖拉機，大馬力拖拉機故障率低，設計理念先進，對農民來說就是放心耐用，而我國拖拉機則主要以中小馬力為主。在這方面，借鑒國外的技術經驗是非常有必要的。
高科技農業
在高科技農業方面，美國無疑是大佬，但曾有美國專家驚呼：“日本的今天就是美國的明天”。鄂然，日本的農業究竟發展到何種程度才讓農業大佬都發出如此驚呼。
由于日本近年來農業人口急劇減少，導致日本不得不大力研發農業機械以填補人力缺失帶來的勞動力的空缺，植保無人機的應用當屬典型，上世紀八十年代，日本就已開始研制植保無人機，如今已發展成世界上
農用無人機的大國。
在2016年日本舉辦的農業博覽會上，NTT展出了一個機器人，用來替代傳統農田里常見的稻草人。外形看起來很萌，但是具備遠程控制整個農場的能力。當農民輸入指令后，機器人可以通過與衛星通信，來連接控制用于植物受精的無人機?；蛲ㄟ^一些單一的指令，操作智能化的農業機械。由于機器人會不斷獲取專業機構的反饋和更新，這項技術有希望大大簡化農場運營，同時它還將作為數據收集中心，將一年四季的獨特數據保存并上傳。
當然，國外的先進技術經驗遠遠還不止這些，以上只是舉例一二。相較于國外的農業機械巨頭，我國的農機巨頭如：中聯重科、雷沃重工、五征等在技術創新上也從未示弱，在持續不斷地吸取國外的先進技術經驗的基礎上，不斷研發創新，創造屬于自己的技術。由此看來，我國雖然在技術水平上與發達國家相差巨大，但憑借此鉆研勢頭，趕超國外亦是指日可待。
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