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農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水總量如何實(shí)現(xiàn)零增長(zhǎng)？

2017-10-18 09:50:08 來(lái)源：中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 作者：秋雨 閱讀量：48297 評(píng)論

　　【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：我國(guó)農(nóng)田水利經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)十年的建設(shè)與發(fā)展，有效灌溉農(nóng)田面積已由1996年的50381.00千公頃(約7.5億畝)增加到目前的65872.60千公頃(約9.8億畝)。中國(guó)正在以占世界9%的耕地、6%的水資源量，養(yǎng)活著世界20%的人口。
 
農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水總量如何實(shí)現(xiàn)零增長(zhǎng)？
 
　　我國(guó)是人口大國(guó)、農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó)，但淡水資源卻并不豐富。我國(guó)擁有世界上2.8萬(wàn)億立方米的淡水資源，位居*六位，在40多個(gè)嚴(yán)重缺水的國(guó)家中位居前列。
 
　　降水是我國(guó)河川徑流的主要補(bǔ)給來(lái)源，全國(guó)降水量的44%轉(zhuǎn)化為徑流，平均徑流深284.8mm。而我國(guó)降水量受海陸分布和地形等因素的影響，水資源的地區(qū)分布與耕地的分布很不適應(yīng)。南方耕地面積只占全國(guó)的35.9%，水資源占總量的81%，畝均水量是全國(guó)均值的2.3倍。北方黃河、淮河、海河、遼河四大流域片的耕地多、人口密，淡水資源量卻只有全國(guó)的19%，畝均水量也僅為全國(guó)均值的15%。
 
　　有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水量是*用水總量的70%，利用率很低，浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重。據(jù)估計(jì)，*有37%的灌溉水用于作物生長(zhǎng)，其余63%都被浪費(fèi)掉了。因此，提高灌溉技術(shù)是提高農(nóng)業(yè)用水效率的“后一公里”。
 
　　目前，我國(guó)共有設(shè)計(jì)灌溉面積 30 萬(wàn)畝及以上的灌區(qū) 456 處，有效灌溉面積 2.8 億畝，占全國(guó)耕地面積的 15%，灌區(qū)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的糧食產(chǎn)量、農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值均超過(guò)全國(guó)總量的 1/4，是我國(guó)糧食安全的重要保障和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要支撐。
 
　　“十二五”期間，我國(guó)新增農(nóng)田有效灌溉面積7500萬(wàn)畝、改善灌溉面積2.8億畝。實(shí)施東北節(jié)水增糧、西北節(jié)水增效、華北節(jié)水壓采、南方節(jié)水減排等區(qū)域規(guī)模化節(jié)水灌溉，發(fā)展節(jié)水灌溉面積1.2億畝。“五小水利”工程建設(shè)加快推進(jìn)，農(nóng)田灌溉水有效利用系數(shù)提高到0.532，為全國(guó)糧食產(chǎn)量“十二連增”提供了有力支撐。
 
　　《2016年水資源公報(bào)》顯示，去年全國(guó)生活用水量同比增加28.1億立方米，人工生態(tài)環(huán)境補(bǔ)水量同比增加19.9億立方米，農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水為水資源可持續(xù)利用作出積極貢獻(xiàn)。
 
　　2017年來(lái)自水利部的新消息顯示，黨的十八大以來(lái)，隨著生態(tài)文明建設(shè)深入推進(jìn)，農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水灌溉不斷提速。5年來(lái)，全國(guó)新增節(jié)水灌溉面積1億畝，節(jié)水灌溉面積超過(guò)3億畝，灌溉水有效利用系數(shù)已達(dá)0.542。在保障國(guó)家糧食安全的同時(shí)，農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水總量實(shí)現(xiàn)零增長(zhǎng)。
 
　　筆者結(jié)語(yǔ)
 
　　綠色發(fā)展是農(nóng)業(yè)健康持續(xù)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。比如：現(xiàn)如今人們熱衷于綠色有機(jī)食品，生態(tài)環(huán)境，農(nóng)家樂(lè)等生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)。同時(shí)，我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化、工業(yè)化發(fā)展的水資源需求量增加，更加凸顯了農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水灌溉的重要性及必要性。
 
　　今年，國(guó)家發(fā)展改革委、水利部要求骨干渠系水利用系數(shù)達(dá)到 0.64，灌溉水利用系數(shù)達(dá)到 0.49 以上，節(jié)水能力達(dá)到 100 億立方米。因此，、節(jié)能環(huán)保將是灌溉設(shè)備制造商們的一個(gè)研發(fā)方向。
 
　　中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng)，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。
 
　　資料來(lái)源：國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局網(wǎng)站、中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)網(wǎng)

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