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雛形初現：經濟作物機械化市場潛力有待挖掘

2017-11-11 13:42:32 來源：中國農機網 作者：小虎牙 閱讀量：49721 評論

　　【中國農機網 本站原創】 糧食作物是關乎國計民生和國家經濟安全的重要戰略物資，也是人民群眾基本的生活資料和主要的食物來源，因此國家大力推行糧食作物全程機械化策略，目前各地的糧食作物機械化程度均已達到相當高的程度，然而在糧食作物機械化迅速發展的時期，經濟作物的機械化問題卻被忽略。如果說糧食作物機械化問題是上升到糧食安全的國家性問題，那么經濟作物機械化問題則是關乎人民群眾生活的社會性問題。
 
　　勞動人口老齡化問題是迫使機械化迅速發展的主要原因，而經濟作物的種植又不同于糧食作物的種植，程序繁瑣而復雜,需要大量的人力，對于勞動力短缺的現狀來說，發展經濟作物機械化的需求早就該提上日程。
 
　　近年來對于經濟作物機械化的呼聲也甚囂塵上，這是目前行業內持續受關注的熱點，也是行業發展的短板。對于經濟作物占了種植業半壁江山的大部分省市來說，經濟作物機械化發展是大勢所趨，好處也自是不必多說。
 
雛形初現：經濟作物機械化市場潛力有待挖掘
 
　　經濟作物機械化生產可有效提高生產效率，降低生產成本。傳統經濟作物的種植方式不僅要消耗大量的人力，在效率上也是相當低，而機械化生產不僅可以節省勞動力，降低勞動強度，還能大大提高勞動效率。有數據顯示，花生播種收獲機作業效率是人工的20倍左右，馬鈴薯播種收獲機械化作業效率是人工的30倍左右；大蒜、生姜機械化收獲效率是人工的60倍左右。相信看了這數據，對于經濟作物機械化生產在效率上的優勢已無需其它的贅述。
 
　　經濟作物機械化生產能促進作物增產。用播種機播種的經濟作物由于能夠保墑保溫，因此能提高出苗率，而機械采收可以延長作物的生長期，并降低收獲的破損率，能夠切實達到增產增收的效果，用一組數據來佐證：花生機械化生產平均每畝可增產40kg，馬鈴薯機械化生產平均每畝可增產250kg，大蒜機械化收獲平均每畝可增產50kg，生姜機械化收獲平均每畝可增產300kg。
 
　　經濟作物機械化能起到節本增收的作用。舉個例子，花生每畝人工播種收獲需費用125元，機械作業需100元，其中包括機手純收益40元，機具作業成本約60元，也就是說，花生種收機械化作業每畝可比人工種收節約支出25元。
 
　　就目前的現狀來看，經濟作物的耕種環節已基本實現機械化生產，而關鍵的采收環節則發展緩慢，成了機械化耕種收環節中薄弱的一環，而我國經濟作物的種植面積正在逐年提高，多種經濟作物的種植面積、年產量以及出口量均居于世界前列，雖然機械化耕種已初具規模，但還處于初級階段，市場需求依然有巨大的潛力可待挖掘。
 
　　版權聲明：本文由中國農機網(www.goodqmj.com)原創，轉載請注明出處。

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