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地點: 呼和浩特市
開展時間: 2025-03-26
舉辦單位: 內蒙古農牧業機械行業協會、內蒙古自治區經濟發展與研究促進會
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地點: 合肥市
開展時間: 2025-03-27
舉辦單位: 上海市貿促會、安徽省貿促會
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地點: 無錫市
開展時間: 2025-03-29
舉辦單位: 中國機電產品流通協會、無錫市機床工具行業協會、無錫市工業和信息化局
小秸稈大問題,如何推進農作物秸稈綜合利用?
2018-03-12
16:20:34
來源:中國農機網 閱讀量:27538
評論
【中國農機網 本站原創】 在農村,農作物秸稈的處理一直是農業生產、農村污染的一大問題。在以前,每到收割季節,農民普遍“一把火”燒掉秸稈,濃煙彌漫,既污染了空氣又浪費了資源,甚至危及公共安全。近年由于霧霾嚴重,全國各地相繼下令禁止露天焚燒秸稈,同時出臺一系列扶持政策鼓勵農民放棄焚燒、對秸稈進行綜合利用。
秸稈焚燒時產生的有害氣體不僅會造成嚴重的大氣污染,還會危害人體健康;同時會影響道路交通和航空安全,引發交通事故、引發火災;秸稈焚燒會破壞土壤結構,造成農田質量下降。焚燒秸稈危害如此之大,推進秸稈綜合利用勢在必行。目前常見的方法有以下幾種:
1、秸稈肥料化利用。農作物收割后將秸稈直接粉碎在田或是漚成肥還到田里。
2、秸稈飼料化利用。將秸稈作為牲畜飼料,用于發展畜牧業。
3、秸稈能源化利用。秸稈是制取沼氣的好材料,可通過厭氧發酵的方法制取沼氣,農民可利用沼氣同時進行做飯和照明。
4、秸稈基料化利用。以小麥、玉米、棉花等作物秸稈為基料,栽培生產食用菌。
2018年秸稈補貼高1000萬
由于缺乏正確引導、缺乏處置技術以及轉化成本較高等原因,農民對秸稈進行綜合利用的積極性并不高,國家出臺補貼政策進行積極引導。
2018年秸稈補貼額度:中央財政對項目縣(市/區)每個補貼1000-2000萬元,具體補貼額度和方式,由當地安排(也就是說每個縣補貼項目和額度不一樣),基本按照秸稈消化量(噸)來核算補貼,各個項目補貼額度不同,從1萬元到1000萬元都有。農民或者農業經營主體(企業、合作社等)購買秸稈相關農機和設備,在國家農機購置補貼的基礎上,市級或是縣級政府再額外補貼30-50%。
各地秸稈綜合利用工作成效顯著
河北省2017年共爭取農業部秸稈還田利用項目資金8000萬元,在9個試點縣整縣實施,以點帶面,全省去年秸稈可收集量為5842萬噸,資源化利用5656萬噸,利用率達96.8%,秸稈綜合利用水平居*列。今年秸稈綜合利用工作將在去年的基礎上更上一層樓。
近日,北京懷柔區區農機服務中心為了尋找農作物秸稈綜合利用新出路,有效提高秸稈綜合利用率,鞏固全面禁燒工作成果,在懷柔區開展了秸稈綜合利用調研工作,通過了解當地實際情況,為進一步做好秸稈綜合利用工作做好技術準備。
江蘇南通市2017年省、市、縣三級財政共投入資金8351萬元用于秸稈還田和秸稈收儲補貼、收儲站點建設和購置機械設備獎補;國家、省級安排購機補貼資金10570萬元,農作物秸稈總量412.41萬噸,利用量389.93萬噸,綜合利用率94.55%。在未來,南通將以培育壯大秸稈利用帶動企業,建立完善的收儲利用體系,到2020年秸稈綜合利用率達到94%,到2022年秸稈綜合利用率達到95%以上。
國家鄉村振興戰略的提出為鄉村發展帶來了的發展機遇,而秸稈綜合利用作為全面實現農業現代化、改善農村環境的一部分,必將會得到全面、地推廣,希望在不久的將來,曾讓人頭疼的“秸稈難題”會得到有效解決。
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