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推廣棉花機(jī)械化采收技術(shù)的意義是什么？

2018-07-12 15:16:37 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：四夕 閱讀量：46492 評論

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 明星企業(yè)】我們都知道7月4日是美國獨(dú)立日，以此紀(jì)念1776年7月4日大陸會議在費(fèi)城正式通過《獨(dú)立宣言》，但是鮮有人知道棉花在這其中發(fā)揮的重要作用。棉制的紙張被用來幫助美國保存三種文件，其中就有《獨(dú)立宣言》，而其他兩項分別是《權(quán)利自由法案》和《憲法》。
 
　　棉花的主副產(chǎn)品都有較高的利用價值，它既是重要的纖維作物和油料作物，也是含高蛋白的糧食作物，還是紡織、精細(xì)化工原料和重要的戰(zhàn)略物資。作為棉花生產(chǎn)大國，我國的棉花主產(chǎn)區(qū)主要分布在江淮平原、江漢平原、南疆棉區(qū)、華北平原、魯西北、豫北平原、長江下游濱海沿江平原。
 
　　機(jī)械化水平不足：棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展遭遇瓶頸
 
　　棉花作為主要經(jīng)濟(jì)作物之一，具有生產(chǎn)商品率高、技術(shù)性強(qiáng)、可遠(yuǎn)距離運(yùn)輸、在地區(qū)分布上有明顯地帶性等特點。棉花種植雖然為棉花產(chǎn)區(qū)當(dāng)?shù)貛磔^大收益，但是不可否認(rèn)，棉花的種植非常麻煩，從早春下種，到放苗、除草、打叉、掐芯、收花，都頗費(fèi)精力，更別提還需要一遍一遍地施肥打藥了，費(fèi)時又費(fèi)力。
 
　　目前我國在棉花耕種管收過程中全程機(jī)械化程度還較低，采收工作很大程度上依靠人工完成，難以形成規(guī)模化經(jīng)營。加上農(nóng)村“空心化”問題的加劇，以及棉花價格偏低等原因使得棉花市場逐漸萎縮，棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展遭遇瓶頸。因此，實現(xiàn)棉花生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化，降低勞動成本提高生產(chǎn)效率勢在必行。
 
　　機(jī)械化采摘棉花技術(shù)的研究與應(yīng)用早始于美國，到1975年棉花機(jī)械化采摘程度已達(dá)到100%，位居世界位。而我國則于20世紀(jì)50年代才開始機(jī)采棉的研究，且進(jìn)展較慢。一直到21世紀(jì)初，機(jī)采棉的技術(shù)方才趨于成熟，進(jìn)入推廣階段。
 
　　在很長一個時期里，我國采棉機(jī)市場上具有先進(jìn)技術(shù)水平的采棉機(jī)，幾乎完全被國外企業(yè)壟斷。國外進(jìn)口的采棉機(jī)價格昂貴，維護(hù)成本高。同時，采棉機(jī)維修、配件供應(yīng)、技術(shù)服務(wù)等也需要受制于國外企業(yè)，對于我國的棉花業(yè)發(fā)展來說極為不便。
 
　　機(jī)械采棉新突破：東華4MZ-3自走式采棉機(jī)
 
　　近年來，我國越發(fā)重視對經(jīng)濟(jì)作物機(jī)械的研發(fā)生產(chǎn)。常州東風(fēng)農(nóng)機(jī)集團(tuán)有限公司(以下簡稱“東風(fēng)農(nóng)機(jī)”)旗下品牌東華4MZ-3自走式采棉機(jī)就得益于企業(yè)豐富的農(nóng)機(jī)制造經(jīng)驗和品牌競爭力，為棉農(nóng)貼心打造。
 
 
　　東華4MZ-3自走式采棉機(jī)在采棉原理上采用了水平摘錠式采棉部件，整機(jī)匹配合理、采凈率高、含雜率低；發(fā)動機(jī)動力強(qiáng)勁，聯(lián)保；操作控制系統(tǒng)具備狀態(tài)顯示和報警功能，用戶還可選裝倒車影像、衛(wèi)星定位和遠(yuǎn)程車輛狀態(tài)監(jiān)測等，駕駛室安裝空調(diào)且隔音效果優(yōu)異，大大改善了駕駛?cè)藛T的工作環(huán)境，降低了勞動強(qiáng)度；采棉頭維護(hù)便捷；可根據(jù)用戶需求開發(fā)不同行距、行數(shù)的采棉機(jī)。
 
　　中國鄉(xiāng)村之聲特約評論員徐春暉此前曾說過，“推動農(nóng)機(jī)制造業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級，不妨多關(guān)注小眾農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品和經(jīng)濟(jì)作物機(jī)械的研發(fā)、生產(chǎn)，積極打造差異化、多元化的產(chǎn)品，不斷提升競爭力。”由此可見，采棉機(jī)類經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的市場空間廣闊，并且有很大的上升空間。
 
　　隨著東華4MZ-3自走式采棉機(jī)推向市場，介于和普通采棉機(jī)之間的低成本、高性能、率的產(chǎn)品為棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展注入了新的活力。東華4MZ-3自走式采棉機(jī)相較于人工采棉顯然具有成本優(yōu)勢，同時還極大緩解了勞動力短缺的問題，有效增加棉農(nóng)收入。棉花機(jī)械化采收技術(shù)的推廣意義深遠(yuǎn)，在一定程度上還帶動了相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，如棉花育種、栽培等相關(guān)技術(shù)應(yīng)與之配套發(fā)展，延長了產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。

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