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農(nóng)機(jī)購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼政策解讀： 初衷與實(shí)施力度

2018-08-13 15:51:54 來源：中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：52016 評(píng)論

　　【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】說到農(nóng)機(jī)購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼政策，不得不承認(rèn)，它在我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化路上起到了不可磨滅的重要作用。從2004年到2018年，政策已經(jīng)實(shí)施了15個(gè)年頭。這十幾年來，我國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化水平發(fā)生了質(zhì)的飛躍，可以說，這一補(bǔ)貼政策的實(shí)施帶來了我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)翻天覆地的變化，是農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展的基石。

 

　　政策初衷：為提高農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化水平而設(shè)立
 
　　2004年11月1日，我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展*部法律——《中華人民共和國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化促進(jìn)法》正式實(shí)施。2004年，中央一號(hào)文件提出“提高農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化水平，對(duì)農(nóng)民個(gè)人、農(nóng)場(chǎng)職工、農(nóng)機(jī)專業(yè)戶和直接從事農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)組織購(gòu)置和更新大型農(nóng)機(jī)具給予一定補(bǔ)貼”。
 
　　這一年是中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)*重要的一年，此后十年，我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化提速換擋，創(chuàng)造出令世界驚嘆的中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)速度：農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)耕種收綜合機(jī)械化水平年均提高3個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，從2004年的34%提高到2014年的60%以上；農(nóng)機(jī)總動(dòng)力每年新增上億馬力，農(nóng)機(jī)工業(yè)產(chǎn)值年均增長(zhǎng)20%。
 
　　在2018年8月8日在青島召開的2018全國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)流通信息工作會(huì)議上，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化管理司產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展處副處長(zhǎng)李偉發(fā)表演講，回顧了農(nóng)機(jī)購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼的政策背景以及不同階段的實(shí)施情況。李偉認(rèn)為，無論行業(yè)市場(chǎng)如何變化，農(nóng)機(jī)購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼發(fā)展到哪一階段，我們都不能忘記農(nóng)機(jī)購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼政策實(shí)施的初衷，早在2004年中央一號(hào)文件中就已經(jīng)明確指出了，農(nóng)機(jī)購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼的實(shí)施的目的是提高農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化水平。李偉指出，所有關(guān)于政策的實(shí)施、改進(jìn)以及建言獻(xiàn)策，都應(yīng)該以此為前提。
 
　　高實(shí)現(xiàn)度：從0.7億元逐年增加到186億元
 
　　農(nóng)機(jī)補(bǔ)貼政策實(shí)施以來，國(guó)家財(cái)政力度不斷加大，補(bǔ)貼金額從2004年的0.7億元逐年增加到2017年的186億元，2004—2017年全國(guó)補(bǔ)貼金額累計(jì)1847.7億元。

 

　　除此之外，2016年，為了提高財(cái)政資金使用的規(guī)范性、安全性和有效性，國(guó)家財(cái)政部曾牽頭組織抽查中央對(duì)地方專項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)移支付的情況，其中包括檢查農(nóng)機(jī)購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼資金的使用情況。抽查結(jié)果是絕大多數(shù)農(nóng)機(jī)具都在使用中，政策資金使用規(guī)范、安全、有效，財(cái)政部后給出的結(jié)論是農(nóng)機(jī)購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼資金管理水平高，政策實(shí)現(xiàn)度高。
 
　　今年，國(guó)家政策仍聚焦農(nóng)業(yè)裝備領(lǐng)域，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部決定于8月份在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)組織開展2018年農(nóng)機(jī)購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼政策實(shí)施督導(dǎo)檢查工作，重點(diǎn)圍繞政策啟動(dòng)實(shí)施、敞開補(bǔ)貼落實(shí)、資金管理使用、管理服務(wù)創(chuàng)新優(yōu)化等進(jìn)展情況開展督導(dǎo)檢查。國(guó)家不斷出臺(tái)管理舉措，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注和整改的環(huán)節(jié)愈加聚焦在政策落實(shí)和執(zhí)行層面，給予了農(nóng)機(jī)補(bǔ)貼政策較好的實(shí)施環(huán)境，農(nóng)機(jī)領(lǐng)域整體發(fā)展向好。
 
　　補(bǔ)貼趨向：全面化、智能化裝備
 
　　在2018全國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)流通信息工作會(huì)議上，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化管理司產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展處副處長(zhǎng)李偉表示，在農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品補(bǔ)貼品類方面，目前主要糧食作物生產(chǎn)所需的常規(guī)農(nóng)機(jī)保有量正逐年上升，而設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)和果園生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化方面還有待提高。
 
　　所以諸如設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)大棚骨架、軌道運(yùn)輸機(jī)等設(shè)施、機(jī)械或?qū)⑹茄a(bǔ)貼的側(cè)重點(diǎn)；同時(shí)李偉認(rèn)為，未來信息物聯(lián)網(wǎng)快速發(fā)展，農(nóng)機(jī)購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼政策也將與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，利用先進(jìn)的信息技術(shù)來服務(wù)政策實(shí)施。
 
　　在農(nóng)機(jī)市場(chǎng)“黃金十年”過后，如今，農(nóng)業(yè)行業(yè)已發(fā)展到新的階段，農(nóng)機(jī)裝備趨向于更加全面化、智能化。在拖拉機(jī)、聯(lián)合收割機(jī)等主流農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品已趨于市場(chǎng)飽和的今天，農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)走技術(shù)革新、產(chǎn)品升級(jí)換代的路子才是正確的出路。未來，在智慧農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的大趨勢(shì)下，智能農(nóng)機(jī)會(huì)成為市場(chǎng)的主流；同時(shí)，主流農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品之外的設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)、果蔬茶等薄弱環(huán)節(jié)農(nóng)機(jī)領(lǐng)域也是未來市場(chǎng)的一片藍(lán)海。

上一篇： 農(nóng)機(jī)思考：“白鹿原走下神壇”背后的市場(chǎng)規(guī)律

下一篇：農(nóng)機(jī)市場(chǎng)“L”型走勢(shì)下，行業(yè)出路在哪里？

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