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政策解讀|《關于加快推進水產養殖業綠色發展的意見》 ——促進水產養殖業轉型升級、綠色高質量發展

2019-02-19 16:56:53 來源：中國農機網原創 作者：林言 閱讀量：46898 評論

　　【中國農機網 政策導讀】 近年來，我國水產養殖業發展取得了顯著成績。數據顯示，2018年全國水產養殖總產量超過5000萬噸，占我國水產品總產量的78%以上比重，是世界上養殖水產品總量超過捕撈總量的主要漁業國家。水產養殖業的快速發展為解決城鄉居民“吃魚難”、保障動物蛋白的供給、降低天然水域水生生物資源的利用強度、促進漁業產業興旺和漁民生活富裕等都作出了突出貢獻。但同時也存在養殖布局和產業結構不合理、局部地區養殖密度過高等問題。
 
　　為解決好養殖業綠色發展面臨的突出問題，近日，經國務院同意，農業農村部會同生態環境部、自然資源部、發改委、財政部、科技部、工業和信息化部、商務部、市場監管總局、銀保監會聯合印發了《關于加快推進水產養殖業綠色發展的若干意見》。(以下簡稱“意見”)

　　《意見》：指導水產養殖業發展的綱領性文件
 
　　《意見》是經國務院同意、專門針對水產養殖業的重要指導性文件，是當前和今后一個時期指導我國水產養殖業綠色發展的綱領性文件，對水產養殖業的轉型升級、綠色高質量發展都具有重大而深遠的意義。
 
　　《意見》共8個部分、26條具體的政策措施，圍繞加強科學布局、轉變養殖方式、改善養殖環境、強化生產監管、拓寬發展空間、加強政策支持及落實保障措施等方面作出全面部署。農業農村部將會同有關部門和地方政府認真抓好《意見》的貫徹落實，推動我國早日由水產養殖業大國向水產養殖業強國轉變。
 
　　主要目標：總體實現養殖生產現代化
 
　　《意見》提出了推進水產養殖業綠色發展主要目標：到2022年，水產養殖業綠色發展取得明顯進展，生產空間布局得到優化，轉型升級目標基本實現，人民群眾對水產品的需求基本滿足，優美養殖水域生態環境基本形成，水產養殖主產區實現尾水達標排放；水產種質資源保護區達到550個以上，水產健康養殖示范場達到7000個以上，健康養殖示范縣達到50個以上，健康養殖示范面積達到65%以上，產地水產品抽檢合格率保持在98%以上。到2035年，水產養殖布局更趨科學合理，養殖生產制度和監管體系健全，養殖尾水全面達標排放，產品、產地優美、裝備、技術先進的養殖生產現代化基本實現。
 
　　資金支持：納入農機購置補貼范圍
 
　　多渠道加大資金投入。建立政府引導、生產主體自籌、社會資金參與的多元化投入機制。鼓勵地方因地制宜支持水產養殖綠色發展項目。將生態養殖有關模式納入綠色產業指導目錄。探索金融服務養殖業綠色發展的有效方式，創新綠色生態金融產品。鼓勵各類保險機構開展水產養殖保險，有條件的地方將水產養殖保險納入政策性保險范圍。支持符合條件的水產養殖裝備納入農機購置補貼范圍。
 
　　提高養殖設施和裝備水平，培育新型經營主體
 
　　《意見》指出，大力實施池塘標準化改造，完善循環水和進排水處理設施，支持生態溝渠、生態塘、潛流濕地等尾水處理設施升級改造，探索建立養殖池塘維護和改造長效機制。鼓勵水處理裝備、深遠海大型養殖裝備、集裝箱養殖裝備、養殖產品收獲裝備等關鍵裝備研發和推廣應用。推進智慧水產養殖，引導物聯網、大數據、人工智能等現代信息技術與水產養殖生產深度融合，開展數字漁業示范。
 
　　同時還指出，培育和壯大養殖大戶、家庭漁場、專業合作社、水產養殖等新型經營主體，引導發展多種形式的適度規模經營。優化水域灘涂資源配置，加強對水域灘涂經營權的保護，合理引導水域灘涂經營權向新型經營主體流轉。健全產業鏈利益聯結機制，發展漁業產業化經營聯合體。建立健全水產養殖社會化服務體系，實現養殖戶與現代水產養殖業發展有機銜接。
 
　　另外，在積極拓展養殖空間方面，《意見》指出要大力推廣稻漁綜合種養，提高稻田綜合效益，實現穩糧促漁、提質增效。支持發展深遠海綠色養殖，鼓勵深遠海大型智能化養殖漁場建設。加強鹽堿水域資源開發利用，積極發展鹽堿水養殖。
 
　　結語：“綠水青山就是金山銀山”，我國地大物博，是農業大國同時也是漁業大國，在政策的大力支持下水產養殖業必將獲得更好的發展。在水產養殖行業轉型升級、高質量發展逐步實現現代化的同時，養殖設備也將迎來行業發展“黃金期”。

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