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“垃圾分類”熱度堪比炎夏，談農業農機行業發展標準規范

2019-08-07 17:35:19 來源：農機網原創 作者：四夕 閱讀量：52616 評論

　　【農機網 編輯視角】隨著《上海市生活垃圾管理條例》進入正式實施期，一場全國性的垃圾分類拉開序幕。伴隨著氣溫持續升高，“垃圾分類”的熱度繼續點燃這個夏季。緊隨上海，北京、天津、重慶、廣州、杭州、武漢、成都等城市都將開展或者強化強制性垃圾分類、定時定點投放，以及實施相應的處罰制度。
 
　　8月2日，新修改的《杭州市生活垃圾管理條例》正式獲得批準，將垃圾分成可回收物、有害垃圾、易腐垃圾和其他垃圾四類，其中餐廚垃圾被歸為易腐垃圾，分別對應藍色、紅色、綠色、黃色這四色垃圾桶進行投放垃圾。新條例不但加大了處罰力度，還增加信用懲戒措施，對違反規定受到行政處罰的，將被記入個人、單位的信用檔案。
 
　　垃圾分類標準教你見“圾”行事
 
　　垃圾分類是指按一定規定或標準將垃圾分類儲存、分類投放和分類搬運，從而轉變成公共資源的一系列活動的總稱，目的在于提高垃圾的資源價值和經濟價值，力爭實現物盡其用。從國內外各城市垃圾分類辦法來看，大多都是根據垃圾的成分構成、產生量，結合本地垃圾的資源利用和處理方式來進行分類的。
 
　　那么，標準是什么呢？國家標準GB/T 3935.1-1996 《標準化和有關領域的通用術語 部分：基本術語》中對標準的定義是：“為在一定范圍內獲得佳秩序，對活動或其結果規定共同的和重復使用的規則、導則或特性的文件。該文件經協商一致制定并經一個公認機構的批準。它以科學、技術和實踐經驗的綜合成果為基礎，以促進佳社會效益為目的。”簡而言之，可以簡單理解為衡量人或事物的依據或準則。
 
　　垃圾分類標準正是如此，其是一個城市對于垃圾分類的依據。如杭州將垃圾分成可回收物、有害垃圾、易腐垃圾和其他垃圾四類，而上海市垃圾則分為可回收物、有害垃圾、濕垃圾，干垃圾四類。正是標準的出臺，才能讓更多人可以見“圾”行事，對于加強垃圾分類科學管理、形成長效機制、推動習慣養成等方面具有重要意義。
 
　　綜觀各行各業，制定合理的標準規范是其發展過程中的重要基礎，在農業農機行業亦是如此。
 
　　農業標準體系、評價體系建設
 
　　農業農村部全面推進農業標準體系、評價體系建設。截至目前，制定發布農業國家標準和行業標準14077項，涉及了農業產地環境、投入品、生產過程、產品質量、安全限量、檢測方法、包裝標識、儲存運輸等方面，進一步保障農業產業安全、推動農業高質量和綠色發展。
 
　　就農產品質量安全層面，按照《食品安全法》、《標準化法》等法律法規及部門“三定”規定，農業農村部負責食品中農藥獸藥殘留限量及檢驗方法、屠宰畜禽檢驗規程、轉基因生物安全評價、飼料安全及檢驗方法等國家標準的制定。同時，還負責產地環境、種子種苗、農業投入品合理使用、生產技術規范、動植物疫病防控等農業行業標準的制定。
 
　　在農機化標準方面，2018年12月19日農業農村部發布第112號公告，發布了《農產品檢測樣品管理技術規范》等79項農業行業標準，其中農機化標準4項，自2019年6月1日實施。包括：NY/T 3334-2018農業機械自動導航輔助駕駛系統質量評價技術規范、NY/T 3335-2018棉花收獲機安全操作規程、NY/T 3336-2018飼料粉碎機安全操作規程、NY/T 1645-2018谷物聯合收割機適用性評價方法。
 
　　標準化與個性化相融合，滿足用戶需求
 
　　“巨匠是在嚴格的規矩中施展他的創造才能的。”
 
　　——塞•約翰遜
 
　　農機購置補貼品目范圍和補貼標準、《聯合收獲機報廢技術條件》等農機化農業行業標準等都在進一步促進農機行業規范化發展。
 
　　誠然，技術研發能力已成為農機行業競爭的焦點。但是，在創意的基礎上，我們也必須要在“標準”的范圍內生產制造出更加適合的農機產品。這里的標準不是指千篇一律，而是在提供個性化、差異化服務的前提下，重視產品質量，不論是生產管理還是研發制造都向標準化和通用化方向發展。
 
　　以植保無人機行業為例，我國農業無人機行業標準《植保無人飛機質量評價技術規范》于2018年6月1日起實施，用于指導各地農機化企業生產和行政主管部門的管理工作。該項標準的發布實施，進一步引導企業規范植保無人機的生產經營活動，促進植保無人飛機推廣應用，為相關的檢測機構提供檢測依據。同時，標準的全面實施，也意味著將大幅提升植保無人飛機的安全性，淘汰部分不合格產品，凈化市場。

上一篇： 人民幣“破7”，對農機企業有什么影響？

下一篇：如何恢復“雞蛋自由”？關注高溫“烤”驗下的蛋雞養殖業

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