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糞污資源化利用典型技術(shù)模式案例

2024-06-18 09:28:45 來(lái)源：黑龍江省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳 閱讀量：20014 評(píng)論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】按照黑龍江省畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化利用聯(lián)席會(huì)議辦公室部署，圍繞“源頭減量、過(guò)程控制、末端利用”三個(gè)重點(diǎn)環(huán)節(jié)，聚焦畜禽糞污減量化、無(wú)害化、資源化，黑龍江省畜牧總站依托我省畜禽糞污資源化利用專家委員會(huì)，聯(lián)合黑龍江省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院畜牧獸醫(yī)分院總結(jié)提煉出多種適合我省“效果好、運(yùn)行佳、可復(fù)制、可推廣”的典型經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｊ?。?qǐng)各地結(jié)合本地區(qū)實(shí)際情況學(xué)習(xí)借鑒，不斷提升畜禽糞污資源化利用水平。今日推出糞污肥料化還田利用模式——黑龍江華澤農(nóng)牧發(fā)展有限公司典型案例。
 
　　糞污肥料化還田利用模式
 
　　——黑龍江華澤農(nóng)牧發(fā)展有限公司典型案例
 
　　糞污肥料化還田利用是將養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)產(chǎn)生的糞污經(jīng)固液分離后，固體部分經(jīng)發(fā)酵處理或委托第三方處理后，作為有機(jī)肥料進(jìn)行還田；液體部分經(jīng)氧化塘或厭氧發(fā)酵儲(chǔ)存處理后，將無(wú)害化處理的糞水混合物或?qū)⒓S水與灌溉用水按照一定比例混合，作為液體肥料在農(nóng)田施肥和灌溉期間，利用拋灑車或管道施于農(nóng)田，進(jìn)行水肥一體化施用。肥料施用到土地上，可以提高土壤肥力，改善土壤團(tuán)粒結(jié)構(gòu)，增強(qiáng)土壤生產(chǎn)能力，有效提升糧食產(chǎn)量和農(nóng)作物品質(zhì)，減輕環(huán)境影響。
 
　　一
 
　　企業(yè)基本情況
 
　　黑龍江華澤農(nóng)牧發(fā)展有限公司成立于2016年9月，2017年承建了賓縣東部區(qū)域的畜禽糞污資源化利用整縣推進(jìn)項(xiàng)目，在常安鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)畜禽糞污集中處理中心一座，村級(jí)收集點(diǎn)19處，購(gòu)置生產(chǎn)設(shè)備17臺(tái)(套)，建有5條國(guó)內(nèi)先進(jìn)的臥旋式連續(xù)生物發(fā)酵生產(chǎn)線。項(xiàng)目建成后每年可收集畜禽糞污10萬(wàn)噸，年可生產(chǎn)糞肥3萬(wàn)噸，年可深加工商品有機(jī)肥1.5萬(wàn)噸。
 
　　二
 
　　技術(shù)模式要點(diǎn)
 
　　該項(xiàng)目利用養(yǎng)殖過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的糞污，經(jīng)過(guò)固液分離，固體部分以微生物好氧發(fā)酵為基本原理，將畜禽糞污(添加秸稈、礦粉等輔料)好氧分解，達(dá)到無(wú)害化(可進(jìn)一步處理為有機(jī)肥)；液體部分以微生物厭氧發(fā)酵和沉淀為基本原理，將液體中部分有機(jī)物厭氧分解后，液體還田，固態(tài)顆粒物經(jīng)沉淀形成污泥定期排放、回用。該項(xiàng)目以畜禽糞污和作物秸稈為原料，將發(fā)酵菌劑加入物料中，采用自主研發(fā)專利設(shè)備將物料充分混合調(diào)理，利用糞污中原有的有機(jī)物和外加秸稈等有機(jī)組分所含的能量，采用管式通風(fēng)技術(shù)及工藝控制，在臥旋式連續(xù)發(fā)酵設(shè)備內(nèi)通過(guò)微生物好氧發(fā)酵進(jìn)行放熱反應(yīng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)物料高溫滅菌及水分蒸發(fā)，最終產(chǎn)物為有機(jī)肥和冷凝水。
 
　　圖1-工藝流程圖
 
　　三
 
　　效益分析
 
　　（一）經(jīng)濟(jì)效益
 
　　畜禽糞污處理中心建設(shè)完成后，立即投入生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行。電費(fèi)：按0.6元計(jì)算，每天耗電120元，每天用工費(fèi)300元(2人)，雜費(fèi)(車、油等)每天300元，總成本約為720元/天。每日可生產(chǎn)初級(jí)有機(jī)肥7噸左右，合計(jì)噸成本為103元(含設(shè)備折舊)。預(yù)計(jì)糞污處理中心年可實(shí)現(xiàn)消納秸稈3萬(wàn)噸，年處理畜禽糞污10萬(wàn)噸，生產(chǎn)有機(jī)肥料1.5萬(wàn)噸，按照每噸300元計(jì)算，年可實(shí)現(xiàn)銷售收入450萬(wàn)元，可提供就業(yè)崗位10個(gè)，單臺(tái)設(shè)備每年可節(jié)能318.4吉焦，減排CO2約611.6噸。
 
　　（二）社會(huì)效益
 
　　該項(xiàng)目對(duì)有機(jī)固廢物進(jìn)行高溫好養(yǎng)發(fā)酵，發(fā)酵出的產(chǎn)物生產(chǎn)有機(jī)肥，實(shí)現(xiàn)有機(jī)固廢物無(wú)害化處理和資源化利用，改善和保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境，同時(shí)有助于發(fā)展生態(tài)型農(nóng)業(yè)、促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)厥卟水a(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。在畜禽糞便及秸稈處理的同時(shí)生產(chǎn)生物有機(jī)肥料，實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)規(guī)?；B(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)畜禽糞便無(wú)害化、資源化、減量化處理，消除了農(nóng)村農(nóng)作物秸稈焚燒對(duì)霧霾形成的影響，同時(shí)拓展了有機(jī)肥市場(chǎng)，支持有機(jī)蔬菜、水果種植產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，生產(chǎn)綠色有機(jī)食品，降低化肥施用量，有利于生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)，有力推進(jìn)種植、養(yǎng)殖和廢棄物再利用走上生態(tài)和環(huán)境保護(hù)的良性循環(huán)軌道，推動(dòng)節(jié)能減排和循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。
 
　　（三）生態(tài)效益
 
　　該項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施將改變農(nóng)村現(xiàn)有畜禽養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)和作物秸稈處理的現(xiàn)狀，實(shí)現(xiàn)了畜禽糞污和秸稈的集中處理，處理技術(shù)和管理水平科學(xué)先進(jìn)。不僅提供了一個(gè)高效利用畜禽糞污和秸稈的方法，將杜絕原填埋處理產(chǎn)生的糞污、廢水、焚燒等二次污染，改善了人居環(huán)境質(zhì)量，有利于居民身體健康狀況的改善。

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