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未來，我們需要怎樣的農(nóng)機(jī)？

2016-03-23 17:27:35 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：18360 評論

       【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)   行業(yè)要聞】 根據(jù)2016年中央一號文件提出的推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的目標(biāo)，我國農(nóng)機(jī)裝備制造業(yè)將進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，農(nóng)機(jī)市場前景廣闊,但要根據(jù)農(nóng)民的需求來發(fā)展農(nóng)機(jī)才是搶占農(nóng)機(jī)市場的關(guān)鍵。
　　
未來，我們需要怎樣的農(nóng)機(jī)？
 
　　農(nóng)機(jī)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀
　　
　　工信部在《農(nóng)機(jī)工業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃2011~2015》中作出了類似的表述：我國生產(chǎn)的多數(shù)農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品的主要技術(shù)性能、產(chǎn)品可靠性以及產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)等指標(biāo)，相當(dāng)一部分只達(dá)到經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)國家同類產(chǎn)品20世紀(jì)70年代水平，少部分產(chǎn)品達(dá)到發(fā)達(dá)國家20世紀(jì)80年代技術(shù)水平，個(gè)別產(chǎn)品達(dá)到20世紀(jì)末期技術(shù)水平。尤其是在智能控制技術(shù)的應(yīng)用方面差距更為明顯，短期難以突圍。“不少農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)差距在30~40年之間。”
　　
　　我國農(nóng)業(yè)綜合機(jī)械化處于中等水平，低質(zhì)、低端占比高。“主要表現(xiàn)在低端農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)能過剩，庫存積壓；中農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品、滿足農(nóng)藝需求的產(chǎn)品明顯不足。”
　　
　　其次，農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)水平參差不齊，科技創(chuàng)新能力嚴(yán)重不足。2015年，我國僅拖拉機(jī)企業(yè)就近200家，生產(chǎn)工藝水準(zhǔn)不一、規(guī)模差異大，魚目混珠，質(zhì)量和性能得不到保障，使現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品水平嚴(yán)重滯后于現(xiàn)階段農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中需求。另外，農(nóng)機(jī)裝備的技術(shù)研發(fā)不足，高等院校和科研機(jī)構(gòu)對農(nóng)機(jī)裝備的創(chuàng)新研發(fā)參與度較低，產(chǎn)品核心競爭力不高等問題不容忽視。
　　
　　農(nóng)機(jī)供給側(cè)發(fā)展為農(nóng)機(jī)發(fā)展提供方向
　　
　　根據(jù)“中國制造2025”規(guī)劃，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械裝備制造業(yè)將通過瞄準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)裝備的高安全性、高可靠性、高適應(yīng)性技術(shù)難題，推動(dòng)數(shù)字化、智能化技術(shù)與農(nóng)業(yè)裝備的深度融合，以實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的自動(dòng)化、智能化、專業(yè)化為目標(biāo)，以發(fā)展先進(jìn)適用、低排放、低污染、高能效、率的環(huán)保型農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品為載體，提高農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品的信息收集、智能決策和作業(yè)能力，提升現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)水平，同時(shí)致力于推進(jìn)基于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的作業(yè)、服務(wù)、信息等多方位支持的全程解決方案，促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)裝備產(chǎn)業(yè)升級，并邁向農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械裝備制造強(qiáng)國。
　　
　　事實(shí)上，推動(dòng)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和轉(zhuǎn)型升級，提高核心競爭力已經(jīng)成為中國農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)的共識。中國自主品牌的企業(yè)正在通過整合資源、戰(zhàn)略重組和自主創(chuàng)新快速地進(jìn)入中，并向轉(zhuǎn)移，努力改變國內(nèi)農(nóng)機(jī)中市場幾乎被國外洋品牌壟斷的局面。
　　
　　供給側(cè)改革，看似是對生產(chǎn)者的要求，實(shí)際上是供需關(guān)系的變革，通俗的說法是：不再是你生產(chǎn)什么，我就買什么，而是我需要什么，你就要生產(chǎn)什么。不同地區(qū)不同農(nóng)作物需要不同的農(nóng)機(jī)，農(nóng)機(jī)也要因地制宜。例如，全國正在推行土地“適度”規(guī)模經(jīng)營，這是對保護(hù)性耕作的一種政策支持。隨著作業(yè)面積、作業(yè)量的增加，從深松機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)的機(jī)身彎度怎樣才能節(jié)省動(dòng)力，到機(jī)具所用的金屬元素配比怎樣才能讓機(jī)具更堅(jiān)固，這些都需要深松機(jī)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)改進(jìn)和研發(fā)。
　　
　　調(diào)整農(nóng)機(jī)的生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)，有利于農(nóng)機(jī)的發(fā)展創(chuàng)新，農(nóng)機(jī)的供給側(cè)改革對農(nóng)機(jī)的發(fā)展方向提出了要求，也為農(nóng)機(jī)的發(fā)展提供了方向。
　　
　　互聯(lián)網(wǎng)＋助力農(nóng)機(jī)發(fā)展
　　
　　隨著我國現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展，以農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化為基礎(chǔ)，融合大數(shù)據(jù)、云平臺、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、3S技術(shù)、自動(dòng)控制等技術(shù)，形成自動(dòng)化、智能化、信息化的現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)時(shí)代將會到來。大力發(fā)展農(nóng)村互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，打造現(xiàn)代智慧農(nóng)村。
　　
　　為加快智能農(nóng)機(jī)大數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用，有效推動(dòng)智能農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，制定智能農(nóng)機(jī)大數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用專項(xiàng)規(guī)劃，建立數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、制定配套政策，通過運(yùn)用云計(jì)算、大數(shù)據(jù)等技術(shù)，將農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)信息、農(nóng)業(yè)地理信息、氣候土壤信息、智能農(nóng)機(jī)決策支持信息等應(yīng)用功能，統(tǒng)一到一個(gè)信息化平臺實(shí)施管理，實(shí)現(xiàn)對農(nóng)業(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)的集中化管理和應(yīng)用。
　　
　　中國農(nóng)機(jī)市場的發(fā)展前景巨大，農(nóng)機(jī)發(fā)展要迎合老百姓的發(fā)展需求，不能盲目。我國農(nóng)機(jī)工業(yè)雖然在快速發(fā)展中，但與先進(jìn)水平之間還存在著巨大的差距，還有3000多種農(nóng)機(jī)裝備需*，這一方面顯示了我們的差距，但另一方面，也說明我們農(nóng)機(jī)工業(yè)的發(fā)展空間是巨大的！

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