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機械化農作大時代：農機安全生產監管須強化
2016-06-23
17:33:33
來源：中國農機網 作者：sydneylulu 閱讀量：26583
評論
【中國農機網 本站原創】就近幾年來看，我國逐步在農機購置補貼這一被廣泛接受的農業優惠政策方面上加大該政策的投入力度，使得廣大農民購買和使用農機的積極性高漲，農業機械在農業生產和新農村建設中發揮越來越重要的作用。其中，引起高度關注的農機安全生產問題，直接關系到廣大農民群眾生命財產安全，是農機安全監理部門落實科學發展觀的具體體現。筆者針對如何保障農業安全生產這一話題展開深入思考，供業內人士探討。
對于農民群眾而言，縱觀一年四季春播夏種秋收冬耕， 農機安全生產一直是一個被高度關注的問題，就拿近“三夏”來說，為確保夏收夏種工作順利完成，西安藍田縣的農機監理也是做足了準備。
西安藍田縣：田間地頭開展農機安全大檢查
“三夏”期間，藍田縣安排農機安全宣傳，懸掛橫幅26條。對進入藍田境內的跨區作業農機車輛進行安全檢查，發放安全宣傳資料2000余張，張貼安全警示標牌820副。農機公安聯合執法中隊對道路行駛、田間作業車輛的違章違法行為進行糾違110起。縣農機監理站將工作人員分成5個事故調查處理組，對在藍田縣“三夏”期間發生的各種農機事故及時出動調查處理，現對發生的農機事故已處理14起。縣農機監理站晝夜值班，保障信息安全暢通，為“三夏”機耕、機播的農業機械進行全面服務。
“三夏”農忙季通常是農機事故的高發期，因此，農機事故安全宣傳教育與定期排查對于農業安全生產有著至關重要的作用，做好農機安全生產工作，努力維護持續穩定的農機安全生產環境，意義重大，任重道遠。
經調查分析，影響農機安全生產的主要因素包括：操作人員安全意識與操作技能差；機具嚴重老化或缺乏維護，存在安全隱患；缺乏投入機制，科研開發力度不夠。由于農機事故的發生具有分散和隱蔽性、季節性、多樣事故的高發性、返貧性和重傷亡事故的重創性等特點，不利于管理部門掌握事故信息，使管理難度加大。
那么問題來了：如何強化農機安全生產監督管理？
安全教育先行，提高操作手安全生產意識
首先從遵守安全法律、法規及規章制度教育入手。通過培訓教育，使農機駕駛操作人員認真地理解和掌握農機駕駛操作技術，道路交通規則，在日常行駛和作業過程中，嚴格按照規程要求進行作業，不能有絲毫僥幸心理。其次，從事故中汲取教訓。任何事故的發生，都有其特定的場合、人物和背景，各類事故發生以后，農機部門都要及時發出通報。通過剖析事故發生的原因，提出避免類似事故再次發生的具體做法，從而警鐘長鳴、避免“悲劇重演”。第三，堅持“四不放過”的原則。一旦發生事故，要及時、準確地查清事故原因，查明事故性質和責任，總結事故教訓，提出改進措施。做到事故原因不查清不放過、責任人員未處理不放過、整改措施未落實不放過、有關人員未受到教育不放過。
建立健全長效制度，加快舊機具報廢更新
要進一步完善農機具報廢更新辦法，保障農機化健康可持續發展。政府應當對農民和農業生產經營組織報廢高能耗農業機械給予經濟補償。農機管理部門負責制定農業機械更新計劃，并組織實施。報廢農機的所有人購買列入更新計劃和補貼目錄的農業機械，從農業機械購置補貼資金中給予追加補貼。通過實行補貼報廢更新制度，加快淘汰超期服役的農機，杜絕安全隱患。
強化農機部門執法主體地位，壯大農機管理隊伍
一是應研究解決農機部門的執法障礙問題。就農機安全監理工作實際狀況而言，存在著手段不力，只有靜態管理權，沒有動態上路管理權，沒有明確的執法標志（如服裝、車輛等）等問題。應該研究出臺有關法規，解決農機部門的執法障礙問題。
二是加強農機監理隊伍建設。要研究解決農機監理人員納入公務員管理或參照公務員管理的問題，以改變農機監理工作人員身份與代表政府行使行政執法的工作性質不相吻合的狀況。
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