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秸稈不能燒 農(nóng)民能咋辦？

2016-11-25 17:24:10 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：16553 評(píng)論

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 行業(yè)要聞】近日，冷空氣席卷中國大部地區(qū)，與此同時(shí)多個(gè)城市還面臨著霧霾的*“肆虐”，11月18日中央氣象臺(tái)已發(fā)布霧霾橙色預(yù)警。在今年環(huán)保、氣象部門對(duì)霧霾成因的分析中，除去汽車排放、工業(yè)排放等因素，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的“秸稈焚燒”問題重新成為熱議焦點(diǎn)，再次引起業(yè)內(nèi)高度重視和思考。
　　
　　秸稈不能燒 農(nóng)民能咋辦？
　　
　　秸稈禁燒糾結(jié)不斷
　　
　　眼下，盡管冷空氣已經(jīng)來了一波又一波，但全國范圍內(nèi)的秋收冬種還尚未結(jié)束，作為農(nóng)業(yè)“廢棄物”的秸稈依舊處在“被生產(chǎn)”中和“被處理”中。11月份黑龍江地區(qū)的秸稈點(diǎn)火數(shù)量創(chuàng)下新高，讓黑龍江飽受輿論炙烤，壓力重重。
　　
　　其實(shí)，禁燒秸稈的宣傳年年都在做，燒秸稈的危害也是年年在說，今年全國各地更是加大力度來整治秸稈禁燒問題。如：橫幅警告、無人機(jī)監(jiān)測(cè)、責(zé)任連坐制度等等，黑龍江肇東市甚至還有村民因?yàn)闊斩挾痪辛簦珔s依舊擋不住田間泛起的火心。在如此強(qiáng)硬的控制與打壓之下，村民們很無奈：“秸稈不能燒，我們還能咋辦？”。
　　
　　秸稈焚燒為何屢禁不止？
　　
　　秸稈焚燒屢禁不止的確不應(yīng)該將責(zé)任都推卸在村民身上，這是一根鏈條，其中的任何一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都是鏈條是否牢固的關(guān)鍵。
　　
　　首先，隨著農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式與農(nóng)村能源結(jié)構(gòu)的變化，原先還可以用來當(dāng)柴火燒飯、取暖的秸稈漸漸失去了價(jià)值，開始被認(rèn)為是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的“廢棄物”，處理它已經(jīng)成為農(nóng)民的一種負(fù)擔(dān)。其次，在現(xiàn)階段，由于受許多技術(shù)上的限制，秸稈的綜合開發(fā)利用程度太低，用通俗的話說就是沒錢賺，那么村民自然也不會(huì)費(fèi)力來處理那些秸稈，一燒了之，簡(jiǎn)單又方便。
　　
　　當(dāng)然，秸稈焚燒屢禁不止的原因不乏存在村民缺少責(zé)任意識(shí)和環(huán)保意識(shí)的因素，但其關(guān)鍵還是沒有給秸稈找到更好的出路，目前那些一味的壓制手段不僅耗損人力物力，往往還會(huì)引起民怨。
　　
　　現(xiàn)階段便捷選擇：機(jī)械化還田
　　
　　秸稈除了焚燒還有很多路可以走，除了壓成顆粒制成生物燃料，混合應(yīng)用之外，還能發(fā)電、做工業(yè)原料、食用菌基料等，經(jīng)多地調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，秸稈還田是當(dāng)今世界上普遍重視的一項(xiàng)培肥地力的增產(chǎn)措施，在杜絕了秸稈焚燒所造成的大氣污染的同時(shí)還有增肥增產(chǎn)作用。
　　
　　隨著農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)的不斷發(fā)展和農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)的不斷成熟，秸稈機(jī)械化直接還田成為了一條快捷、能大批量處理剩余秸稈的有效途徑,能直接防止現(xiàn)階段秸稈焚燒行為，大大減少環(huán)境污染。秸稈機(jī)械化直接還田能顯著提高土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量，增強(qiáng)蓄水保墑能力，還可以在機(jī)械收獲的同時(shí)實(shí)施秸稈還田，不誤農(nóng)時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)單方便，不用打捆，不用運(yùn)輸，做到了真正意義上的“取之于田，用之于田。”
　　
　　此外，秸稈機(jī)械化直接還田能反作用與農(nóng)機(jī)領(lǐng)域，拓展了農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)范圍，推進(jìn)農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新升級(jí)，助力提升農(nóng)機(jī)化水平。 隨著全國范圍內(nèi)秋季農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)步入尾聲，多地方傳來秸稈還田的捷報(bào)。如：海門市今年水稻秸稈的機(jī)械化還田率將達(dá)92%、周口近90%的秸稈用于還田……等等，可見秸稈機(jī)械化還田已成為一種被人所熟知和青睞的方式。
　　
　　霧霾所帶來的影響還在持續(xù)發(fā)酵，秸稈焚燒問題依舊受人關(guān)注。我們由衷的希望，隨著秸稈處理方式的轉(zhuǎn)變，未來，會(huì)有更先進(jìn)秸稈處理技術(shù)被開發(fā)運(yùn)用，為現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展帶來新生活力。

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