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我國橡膠產(chǎn)業(yè)正逐步走上機械化“快車道”

2018-01-18 15:08:19 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 閱讀量：17737 評論

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】種莊稼的人被稱為“農(nóng)民”，而種橡膠的人雖然也是農(nóng)民，但卻常常被叫做“膠工”。但由于割膠勞動強度大、收入低，越來越多的年輕人不愿意從事這份工作；并且，近幾年膠價低迷，人工成本不斷上揚，植膠企業(yè)和大戶不得不面臨這巨大的成本壓力。
 
　　如何減輕膠工工作？如何降低生產(chǎn)成本？割膠行業(yè)在實現(xiàn)機械采膠、解決產(chǎn)業(yè)用工荒、膠價成本上漲等難題的道路上走的“大步流星”。
 
　　機械研發(fā)在路上
 
　　中國熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院專門成立了智能割膠機械攻關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組，以研發(fā)電動膠刀為突破口，適時開展全自動智能化采膠機械研發(fā)。2017年4月25日，熱科院橡膠所正式推出代4GXJ- 1型便攜式電動膠刀，標(biāo)志著我國橡膠產(chǎn)業(yè)有望結(jié)束延續(xù)幾十年的純?nèi)斯じ钅z現(xiàn)狀，進入電動機械化采膠時代。目前，國內(nèi)已有多家企業(yè)在研發(fā)電動割膠機。
 
　　隨著信息化在各行各業(yè)的逐步滲入，只要在手機端輕輕一點，機器就能代替人工割膠的“割膠機器人”出現(xiàn)在行業(yè)舞臺上。據(jù)《三農(nóng)中國》報道，近日在海南省紅光農(nóng)場，一場割膠界的機器與人工間的較量正在展開。在面對割膠是否厚薄均勻的問題上，“割膠機器人”以采取有力的自下而上的方式，來確保每一個點都能平均的把乳管切斷，得到的橡膠品質(zhì)贏得參觀者好評。
 
　　“膠工”培訓(xùn)后備力量足
 
　　中國熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院副院長謝江輝坦言，“我國天然橡膠種植面積超過1700萬畝，人力割膠成本占到生產(chǎn)成本的60%以上。”這也是天然橡膠行業(yè)幾十年來的發(fā)展“痛點”。橡膠樹佳產(chǎn)膠時間是在凌晨的3、4點鐘，幾十年來，起早摸黑就成了老膠工的寫照。另外，由于近年來天然橡膠價格遠低于成本價格，農(nóng)墾膠園和植膠種植戶連續(xù)虧本經(jīng)營，膠工收入難以維持生計，再加上老膠工逐漸退休，膠工短缺變成為了制約天然橡膠發(fā)展的瓶頸。
 
　　西雙版納作為我國橡膠重要產(chǎn)地，在代電動割膠機推廣之后，割膠培訓(xùn)技術(shù)隨之在各地展開。2017年8月，橡膠研究所專家組先后到勐臘縣橡膠技術(shù)推廣站、勐滿農(nóng)場開展、勐醒農(nóng)場、景洪農(nóng)場等西雙版納各地開展電動膠刀割膠培訓(xùn)課程，已有百余人參加培訓(xùn)。
 
　　據(jù)有著8年割膠經(jīng)驗的老農(nóng)介紹，“一個成熟的老膠工平均割一棵樹需要1分鐘左右，而機器作業(yè)僅需30秒。同時，由于機器的度不會對橡膠樹造成傷害，也使橡膠樹的割膠壽命延長，產(chǎn)量能增加30%-40%左右。”
 
　　由此可見，割膠機械的出現(xiàn)不但減輕了膠工的勞動力，也大大降低了生產(chǎn)成本。另外，隨著掌握割膠機械的新興職業(yè)“膠工”數(shù)增多，不僅增加了我國橡膠產(chǎn)業(yè)的后備力量，而且為壯大我國橡膠產(chǎn)業(yè)打下堅實的基礎(chǔ)。

上一篇： 政策利好 農(nóng)機民營企業(yè)如何抓住“生存機遇”？

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