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開展時間: 2025-03-29
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2019,秸稈機械能否再獲發展良機?
2019-01-29
15:08:44
來源:中國農機網原創 作者:四夕 閱讀量:46420
評論
【中國農機網 編輯視角】2018年,對我們農機行業來說是機遇與挑戰并存的一年,面對巨大的行業經濟下行壓力,傳統農機領域逐漸趨于飽和,眾多農機企業尋找行業新的經濟發展點。在此背景下,秸稈機械在普遍疲軟的農機市場中獨樹一幟,成為了少數發展態勢良好的領域。2019年,面臨行業發展痛點,秸稈機械領域能否再獲發展良機?亦或是一如其他傳統農機領域,深陷發展泥淖?
2018年發展狀況:疲軟市場中的銷售增長點
秸稈機械,主要是指與秸稈離田和還田生產作業過程中的配套機具。2018年,農機市場進入深度調整的關鍵期,規模以上農機企業發展到2500多家,但是農機裝備有效供給不足,缺門斷檔和中低端產品產能過剩并存,眾多農機企業迫于發展壓力紛紛尋找新出路。
在此背景下,我們通過行業“風向標”——農機展會,不難發現,秸稈機械發展再上新臺階,成為了傳統農機產品中為數不多的銷售增長點。據山西省農機推廣總站消息,2018年,大同市、晉中市、晉城市、懷仁市、平定縣、代縣、鄉寧縣、陽城縣等地區相繼開展了農作物秸稈綜合利用機械化技術培訓、試驗、示范、推廣等工作,機械化秸稈還田、打捆、燃料化、飼料化等機械化技術同步向前發展。
此外,2018年黑龍江省使用農機購置補貼出現了一些新特點:全省農業生產急需的秸稈還田離田機械購機踴躍,共補貼購置打(壓)捆機7454臺,是上年地方農村擁有量的1.93倍;補貼購置
摟草機2201臺,是上年擁有量的1.22倍;新增免耕
播種機4995臺,是上年擁有量的1.1倍。農機購置補貼的變化也從側面表現出來秸稈機械的良好發展態勢,總體而言,2018年,秸稈機械發展依然強勁。
面臨困境:觀念桎梏、技術掣肘
作為傳統農機產品之一,農機行業發展過程中的難點、痛點同樣也困擾著秸稈機械領域,產能過剩苗頭初顯,秸稈機械化關鍵性機具品種單一,有效供給不足。農業機械化和農機裝備產業快速發展,農機企業如雨后春筍般爭相冒頭,而秸稈機械這塊大蛋糕,同樣備受覬覦。一方面,秸稈機械制造廠商眾多,市場供過于求態勢初現端倪;另一方面,基于經濟利益追求,不少制造商仿制、抄襲成風,缺乏更具行業競爭力的核心技術,研發與制造短板明顯,低價無序競爭打破市場良性發展。
當然,除了農機企業技術掣肘對于秸稈機械發展影響巨大以外,觀念桎梏的影響力同樣不可小覷。歷*的變革經驗告訴了我們思想觀念轉變的重要性,在現代化農業發展進程中,不少農民依然保留著長年累月形成的精耕細作傳統勞作模式,傳統觀念更是根深蒂固。對于他們來說,在播種前將前茬農作物秸稈就地焚燒,方便快捷,操作簡單,而這種想法的改變顯然非一朝一夕可以完成。
此外,在很多地區秸稈還田、離田難以實施的一個重要原因就是其中增加的生產成本,秸稈機械化粉碎還田、高留茬還田和覆蓋還田都是采用中大馬力
拖拉機配帶秸稈粉碎機或園盤耙或鏵式犁等農具進行整地、滅茬、旋耕、播種作業,增加了作業成本,而在田間焚燒秸稈,對農民來說,成本幾乎為零,農民對秸稈還田推廣應用缺乏積極性和自覺性。
換個角度來說,一般農作物秸稈的收集時間與糧食收獲期大幅度重合,農戶很少能夠分出時間、精力來收集秸稈。而秸稈的收貯運輸往往需要專用的貯存、運輸設備,這對于農戶來說又是一大支出成本。更不用提秸稈因其本身不防水、不防火、占地面積大等特征造成的貯存運輸難度,倘若貯存過運輸過程中出現問題,不慎就是全部腐爛的結果,對于小成本農戶而言,風險過大。
發展良機:秸稈機械發展具備強大推動力
生態環境部、農業農村部聯合印發《農業農村污染治理攻堅戰行動計劃》。其中,在農作物秸稈綜合利用方面,《行動計劃》提出,聚焦秸稈肥料化、飼料化和燃料化“三大利用方向”,擴大秸稈綜合利用試點范圍,深入實施東北地區秸稈處理行動,整縣推進秸稈處理利用。為此,多地推進使用秸稈機械化發展,提出大力推廣大中型拖拉機、秸稈粉碎還田機、打捆機、秸稈壓塊(粒、棒)機、帶切碎裝置的聯合收割機、旋耕機水田驅動耙、驅動圓盤犁、免耕滅茬機等農業機械。
此外,包括農機購置補貼在內的眾多行業政策利好均不約而同向秸稈機械發展方向有所傾斜,對于2019年的秸稈相關機械發展仍持看好態度。此前,農業農村部在黑龍江召開的東北地區秸稈處理行動現場交流暨成果展示會正是對此進行了印證,展示會上表示接下來秸稈綜合利用試點將向全國全面鋪開,這不失為秸稈機械的發展契機和強大推動力。
保護性耕作示范項目的實施,直接帶動了農作物秸稈覆蓋還田及粉碎還田,大力推進了秸稈機械化還田技術的應用普及,進一步促進秸稈相關機械的發展。同時,近年來,秸稈綜合化利用成效顯著,基本形成了肥料化利用為主,飼料化、燃料化穩步推進,基料化、原料化為輔的綜合利用格局,這對于秸稈機械的全產業鏈發展起到了至關重要的作用,在還田離田、收儲運以及加工利用等環節還有較大發展空間。
2019年市場發展預測:依然強勁
雖然說秸稈機械發展面臨種種困境,但是我們依然能夠看到其發展的契機,我們不妨對其發展持更加樂觀的態度,我們依然有理由相信,2019年,秸稈機械或將持續發力,市場發展依然強勁。
當然,這是基于整個市場發展而言,對于農機企業來說,則同樣需要防備“一著不慎,滿盤皆輸”。技術研發能力持續成為行業競爭焦點,秸稈機械相關企業在新的一年中,應該繼續加大生產研發的資金、技術、人才投入,加強科技攻關與機具研發,加強農機與農藝的融合,這樣才能在激烈的市場競爭中*核心競爭力,搶占市場競爭高地。
此外,不論是現代化農業發展而言,還是對農機市場發展,加大對農戶的秸稈綜合利用重要意義和焚燒秸稈危害性的宣傳普及都極為重要。多種形式的傳統媒體和新媒體共同發力,營造良好輿論氛圍,進一步提高廣大農民的環保意識和應用秸稈機械化綜合利用技術的積極性、主動性和自覺性。
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