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“十四五”全國農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展規(guī)劃解讀三：再談丘陵山區(qū)機(jī)械化短板

2022-02-05 09:30:26 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 閱讀量：47833 評(píng)論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 丘陵山區(qū)機(jī)械化問題一直是困擾我國農(nóng)業(yè)全程全面現(xiàn)代化的短板之一。機(jī)械化水平總體較低、高端智能農(nóng)機(jī)比例較小、畜牧水產(chǎn)智能化綠色化裝備短缺、部分農(nóng)作物播種收獲環(huán)節(jié)機(jī)具研發(fā)不足等問題較為突出，同時(shí)支持農(nóng)機(jī)研發(fā)創(chuàng)新、丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展等方面的政策舉措也不夠豐富。
 
　　據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，典型丘陵山區(qū)縣農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率低于50%，這與我國主要糧食作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率超過80%的水平相差較大，因此，加快補(bǔ)齊丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化短板是當(dāng)前全國農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)之一。
 

 

　　為滿足丘陵地區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備需求，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部采取多項(xiàng)措施，其中在財(cái)政支持方面，2021年優(yōu)先將丘陵脫貧地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)需要的機(jī)具品目列入全國補(bǔ)貼范圍，包括食用菌生產(chǎn)、果業(yè)發(fā)展、茶葉生產(chǎn)以及薯類、瓜果菜蔬和蓮子、板栗、辣椒等特色產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)所需機(jī)具。選取丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)特色產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展急需機(jī)具，將補(bǔ)貼額測算比例提高至35%，進(jìn)一步緩解當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民群眾的購機(jī)籌資壓力。
 
　　除在農(nóng)機(jī)裝備方面加力外，近年來，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部將丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)田宜機(jī)化改造作為高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田建設(shè)的重要內(nèi)容，成效顯著。以重慶為例，重慶市屬于典型的丘陵山區(qū)。2014年以來，重慶市開展了農(nóng)田宜機(jī)化改造試驗(yàn)、試點(diǎn)和推廣工作。截至2020年3月底，全市農(nóng)田宜機(jī)化改造面積達(dá)到58萬畝。農(nóng)田宜機(jī)化改造助推了當(dāng)?shù)厮尽⒂筒恕ⅠR鈴薯、高粱等主要農(nóng)作物及柑橘、榨菜、花椒、茶葉、牧草、中藥材等特色經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的全面全程機(jī)械化。改造之后的地塊機(jī)器能穿梭自如、目標(biāo)作物機(jī)械操作逮及，一般水田畝均節(jié)本350元、旱地節(jié)本500元以上。
 
　　針對(duì)丘陵山區(qū)機(jī)械化問題，2022年1月初農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部印發(fā)的《“十四五”全國農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展規(guī)劃》(以下簡稱《規(guī)劃》)明確提出，到2025年，丘陵山區(qū)縣(市、區(qū))農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率達(dá)到55%。
 
　　《規(guī)劃》明確提出，制定發(fā)布丘陵山區(qū)機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)裝備需求目錄及補(bǔ)短板優(yōu)先順序，引導(dǎo)科研院所和農(nóng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)等向短板弱項(xiàng)機(jī)具研發(fā)聚焦用力，加快適宜丘陵山區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)需求的農(nóng)機(jī)具成果轉(zhuǎn)化和推廣應(yīng)用。因地制宜推進(jìn)丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)田以地宜機(jī)，鼓勵(lì)新型經(jīng)營主體開展農(nóng)田宜機(jī)化改造，持續(xù)改善農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)條件，擴(kuò)展大中型農(nóng)機(jī)運(yùn)用空間，力爭改造面積達(dá)到200萬畝以上。
 
　　具體來說，要積極發(fā)展丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)高效專用農(nóng)機(jī)，推動(dòng)丘陵山區(qū)通用動(dòng)力機(jī)械裝備及特色作物生產(chǎn)、特種養(yǎng)殖需要的高效專用農(nóng)機(jī)研發(fā)，增加裝備供給。強(qiáng)化需求引領(lǐng)，推進(jìn)協(xié)同合作，積極創(chuàng)設(shè)項(xiàng)目，推動(dòng)產(chǎn)學(xué)研推用緊密結(jié)合，加快丘陵山區(qū)適用農(nóng)機(jī)裝備創(chuàng)新和機(jī)械化技術(shù)的推廣應(yīng)用。大力推進(jìn)丘陵山區(qū)適用農(nóng)機(jī)專項(xiàng)鑒定，落實(shí)農(nóng)機(jī)新產(chǎn)品購置補(bǔ)貼試點(diǎn)政策，加快適宜當(dāng)?shù)禺a(chǎn)業(yè)需求的農(nóng)機(jī)具研發(fā)成果轉(zhuǎn)化應(yīng)用。
 
　　同時(shí)深入開展丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)田宜機(jī)化改造需求摸底，根據(jù)丘陵山區(qū)地形、地貌特點(diǎn)以及不同作物生產(chǎn)需求，因地制宜明確田間道路、田塊長度寬度與平整度等宜機(jī)化要求，提出適宜不同地形特點(diǎn)的改造技術(shù)方案。完善丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)田宜機(jī)化改造技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和評(píng)價(jià)規(guī)范，構(gòu)建農(nóng)田宜機(jī)化改造標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系。強(qiáng)化投入成本與收益分析的測算分析，推動(dòng)各方面資金投入開展宜機(jī)化改造，持續(xù)改善農(nóng)機(jī)通行和作業(yè)條件。

上一篇： 農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部印發(fā)《“兩增兩減”蟲口奪糧促豐收行動(dòng)方案》

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