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【實(shí)用技術(shù)】冬季設(shè)施蔬菜病蟲(chóng)害綜合防控——紅蜘蛛

2024-11-26 09:22:06 來(lái)源：鄂爾多斯市農(nóng)牧局 閱讀量：19193 評(píng)論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 紅蜘蛛又名葉螨，屬蛛形綱、蜱螨目、葉螨科，食性雜。成蟲(chóng)體長(zhǎng)為0.42～0.52mm，體色變化大，通常為紅色、梨形、背部?jī)蓚?cè)各有黑斑。主要危害茄科、豆科、瓜類等蔬菜。以成、若螨群集在葉背、花、果上刺吸汁液并吐絲結(jié)網(wǎng)，危害初期，沿葉脈出現(xiàn)黃白色似葉尖大小的斑點(diǎn)，迅速發(fā)展呈灰白色或黃白色色斑，使植株光合作用受到抑制或破壞，嚴(yán)重時(shí)葉片干枯脫落。一般先危害中下部葉片，再向上蔓延。由于個(gè)體小繁殖快給設(shè)施蔬菜紅蜘蛛防治造成較大壓力，廣大種植戶防控不善時(shí)易造成農(nóng)藥超標(biāo)，發(fā)生農(nóng)產(chǎn)品安全事件，因此望廣大種植戶采用綜合防控措施，科學(xué)安全用藥。
 
　　綜合防治措施
 
　　田間紅蜘蛛防除要堅(jiān)持綜合防治措施，既要提高植株的抗逆能力，還要充分利用物理、生物和藥劑防治措施，抑制蟲(chóng)害擴(kuò)張，從而控制為害。
 
　　1
 
　　以勤治蟲(chóng)
 
　　日常田間管理過(guò)程中，一要及時(shí)清理田間雜草、雜葉、枯枝，破壞紅蜘蛛的生存環(huán)境，滅除部分蟲(chóng)源，控制田間的蟲(chóng)口基數(shù)；二要勤施水肥，定期澆水施肥，確保田間水分和營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的供應(yīng)，促進(jìn)蔬菜植株健康茁壯的成長(zhǎng)，增強(qiáng)植株的抗蟲(chóng)害能力。
 
　　2
 
　　以蟲(chóng)治蟲(chóng)
 
　　蔬菜紅蜘蛛的天敵種類較多，主要有中華草蛉、食螨瓢蟲(chóng)、深點(diǎn)食螨瓢蟲(chóng)、捕食螨、花蝽等，可采用人工養(yǎng)殖的捕食螨、食螨瓢蟲(chóng)和花蝽在紅蜘蛛發(fā)生早期按照一定的比例釋放到田間，能有效抑制害蟲(chóng)的種群規(guī)模擴(kuò)張，避免紅蜘蛛肆意為害田間蔬菜，減少化學(xué)農(nóng)藥使用。
 
　　3
 
　　以藥治蟲(chóng)
 
　　在紅蜘蛛發(fā)生早期可采用生物類農(nóng)藥防治，尤其是在蔬菜地點(diǎn)片發(fā)生時(shí)，可用苦參堿、藜蘆堿、茴蒿素、苦皮藤素等生物類農(nóng)藥進(jìn)行噴霧控制。化學(xué)藥劑滅除害蟲(chóng)的方法簡(jiǎn)單，效果最快，時(shí)空限制小，可選用阿維菌素乳油、噠螨酮乳油、聯(lián)苯菊酯微乳油或者其它的特有專屬滅蟲(chóng)劑。噴施藥劑前，要認(rèn)真閱讀使用說(shuō)明書(shū)，按照要求和蟲(chóng)害嚴(yán)重程度，確定藥液用量和濃度，噴施過(guò)程要佩戴護(hù)具，規(guī)范噴施，主要施藥間隔期，降低藥害的發(fā)生概率。
 
　　4
 
　　以膠治蟲(chóng)
 
　　具研究表明近8成的紅蜘蛛來(lái)源于地表，因此使用粘蟲(chóng)膠涂抹到植株表皮，就能有效阻礙紅蜘蛛的遷徙通道，把蟲(chóng)源截于植株下部，實(shí)現(xiàn)切斷蟲(chóng)源的目標(biāo)，該方法適合果菜類地塊。一般在植株莖基部先粘貼膠帶，再均勻涂抹膠水，膠寬5厘米，隔30-50天重復(fù)涂抹。或者貼近植株根部鋪設(shè)粘蟲(chóng)板控制發(fā)生。
 
　　廣大蔬菜種植戶田間出現(xiàn)紅蜘蛛的危害不容小覷，要高度關(guān)注，重點(diǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)防，積極采取措施防治，優(yōu)先采用綜合防治措施，必要時(shí)在設(shè)施蔬菜栽培早期科學(xué)安全使用農(nóng)藥，嚴(yán)格按農(nóng)藥標(biāo)簽說(shuō)明用藥，確保農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)安全、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全、生態(tài)環(huán)境安全和人畜健康安全，切實(shí)做到科學(xué)安全使用農(nóng)藥。

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