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2025年花生病蟲害防控技術(shù)方案

2025-03-12 09:32:06 來(lái)源：全國(guó)農(nóng)技推廣中心 閱讀量：15903 評(píng)論

　　據(jù)全國(guó)農(nóng)技中心預(yù)測(cè)，2025年全國(guó)花生重大病蟲害總體中等發(fā)生，發(fā)生面積1.1億畝次，花生葉斑病、棉鈴蟲、地下害蟲在局部地區(qū)偏重發(fā)生。為做好2025年花生病蟲害防治工作，全國(guó)農(nóng)技中心特制定本方案。
 
　　防控策略
 
　　堅(jiān)持預(yù)防為主、綜合防治，推廣抗(耐)性品種，綜合應(yīng)用健康栽培、理化誘控、生物防治等技術(shù)措施，科學(xué)安全使用高效低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)農(nóng)藥，推進(jìn)花生病蟲害全程綠色防控，保障花生生產(chǎn)和質(zhì)量安全。
 
　　防控對(duì)象
 
　　重點(diǎn)防控地下害蟲、甜菜夜蛾、褐斑病、白絹病、莖腐病，兼顧根腐病、黑斑病、網(wǎng)斑病、果腐病、銹病、青枯病、棉鈴蟲、斜紋夜蛾、蚜蟲、薊馬、葉螨等。
 
　　防控措施
 
　　1．播種期。重點(diǎn)防治土傳病害、地下害蟲等。因地制宜與玉米等禾本科作物輪作，適時(shí)深耕。選用抗(耐)性優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)品種，適時(shí)播種，合理密植。根據(jù)土傳病害、地下害蟲、刺吸性害蟲的發(fā)生情況，選用咯菌腈、精甲·咯·嘧菌等殺菌劑和吡蟲啉、噻蟲嗪、噻蟲胺等殺蟲劑合理混配進(jìn)行種子處理。拌種時(shí)可加入蕓苔素內(nèi)酯、吲哚丁酸或糠氨基嘌呤等植物生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑或氨基寡糖素等免疫誘抗劑，促進(jìn)植株生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育，增強(qiáng)抗逆抗病蟲能力。播種時(shí)可溝施球孢白僵菌、金龜子綠僵菌防治地下害蟲。
 
　　2．苗期。重點(diǎn)防治莖腐病、根腐病、刺吸性害蟲等。在莖腐病、根腐病等發(fā)病初期選用四霉素、噻呋·戊唑醇、噻呋·吡唑酯等殺菌劑噴施植株莖基部；蚜蟲、薊馬、葉螨等刺吸性害蟲選用溴氰菊酯等殺蟲劑噴霧防治，同時(shí)預(yù)防蟲傳病毒??；蠐螬、金針蟲、地老虎可選用氟氯氰菊酯噴淋灌根，也可用顆粒劑拌沙土撒施。
 
　　3．開花下針至飽果成熟期。重點(diǎn)防治葉部、根莖部病害及鱗翅目害蟲等。在褐斑病、黑斑病、網(wǎng)斑病、銹病等葉部病害發(fā)生初期，選用枯草芽孢桿菌、多抗霉素等生物農(nóng)藥或選用唑醚·氟環(huán)唑、吡唑醚菌酯、苯甲·嘧菌酯等化學(xué)藥劑噴霧防治；花生封壟前，選用枯草芽孢桿菌、噻呋酰胺、氟胺·嘧菌酯、噻呋·戊唑醇或氟酰胺等殺菌劑噴淋花生莖基部，預(yù)防控制白絹病、根腐病、莖腐病、果腐病。注意合理排灌，保持適宜田間濕度。
 
　　在甜菜夜蛾、棉鈴蟲、斜紋夜蛾、地老虎等發(fā)生期，使用殺蟲燈、性誘劑、食誘劑等誘殺成蟲，選用溴氰菊酯、氰戊·馬拉松等防治幼蟲；花生莢果期選用辛硫磷顆粒劑或噻蟲胺顆粒劑防治蠐螬等地下害蟲。
 
　　對(duì)植株密、長(zhǎng)勢(shì)旺的花生田，開花下針期合理使用烯效唑、調(diào)環(huán)酸鈣或多唑·甲哌鎓等植物生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑控旺。
 
　　注意事項(xiàng)
 
　　(一)在病蟲害發(fā)生初期優(yōu)先選用生物、物理等非化學(xué)防治措施，注意保護(hù)利用自然天敵。
 
　　(二)使用性誘劑誘殺宜大面積連片使用，不同害蟲的誘芯不能放置于同一誘捕器內(nèi)。
 
　　(三)使用燈光誘殺應(yīng)在害蟲成蟲羽化高峰期和夜間活躍時(shí)段使用，盡量減少對(duì)天敵和非靶標(biāo)生物影響。

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